Steam-turbine.



PATEN-TED FEB. 26, 1907.

W. L. R EMMET.

STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 22, 1904.

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No. 845395. PATENTED FEB. 26, 1907.

W. L. R. BMMET. STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 22,190:

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PATENTED FEB. 26, 1907.

W. L. R. EMMET. STEAM TURBINE. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 22, 1904.

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WTLLIAM L. R. EMMET, OF SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR T9 GEN- ERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

STEAiiIi TURBlN En Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 26, 1907.

To aZZ whom, it rnay'cmwern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM L. R. EMME'I', a citizen of the United States, residing at Schenectady, county of Scl'ienectady, State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Stearn-Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to turbine-engines driven by elastic fluid which is conducted through two or more stages, with a certain drop in pressure between said stages.

For economic reasons it is desirable that the predetermined ratios of temperature and pressures between the several stages be maintained as nearly constant as possible. This is also desirable from a mechanical standpoint in order to prevent the expansion and contractionwhich would follow any changes in the temperature ratios existing between difl'erent portions of the engine.

The object of my invention is to preserve the predetermined ratios of pressure and corresponding temperature and to do this autonratically. i

To this end my invention consists in the combination, with a turbine-engine having two or more stages, of valves controlling ports between saidstages, a movable abutment. for actuating each valve separately, pipes for-conveying fluid-pressure to both sides of said abutment, and a valve controlling siiid pipes and responsive to changes in steam-pressure in the higher of two stages.

; In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is an elevation of my regulating apparatus applied to'a steam-turbine. Fig. 2 is a section of the same. Fig. 3 is a section of the controller ona plane at right angles to Fig. 2 Fig i is a plan view of the device.

The turbine to which the apparatus is applied of the vertical Curtis type; but it is equally applicable to other types, whether upright or horizontal.

In Fig. 1 is shown in section at 1 the wall of thecasing in which the bucket-wheels rotate, one of these being shown at 2, provided with four sets of buckets 3, cooperating with three sets of stationary intermediates 4. Steam is supplied to the upper set of buckets through nozzles 5, of which there may be any suitable number, leading through a diaphragm 1 from an upper stage or chamber 6, in which another bucket-wheel may be located.

The admission of steam to the nozzles 5 is for the purposes of my invention controlled crank lever 11, suitably iulcrunied in a frame 12, attached to the casing, and having its other arm connected by a link 13 with a piston-rod 14, fastened to a piston 15, which 'works in a cylinder 16, secured to or cast in- The cylinder may tegral with the frame 12. have lining 17 of brass, if desired. Two pipes 18 19 enter the respective ends of the cylinder and convey thereto and therefrom a fluid under pressure, preferably water. i

The pipes from the several cyiindcrs'al'l run to a controller, by means oi which the water is admittcd to the cylinders successively in a given order and exhausted therefrom in reverse order. The controller is governed. in its operation by thestea n-prcssure in the higher stage-that is, the stage from which the steam passes to the next.

A convenient construction of controller is shown in the drawings. A. steam-chamber,

such as the cylinder 20, is connected by a pipe 21 with the higher stage of the turbine. In the cylinder is a movable abutment, such a piston 22, whose rod 23 after passing through valve-chest is connected with a lever 24, to which is attached a spring 25, urging the piston against the steam- )ressure. The valve-chest 26 is preferably cylindrical and on the vaive rod 23 are two heads 27 28, fitting the valve-chest. Between the pistons a watcr-supply pipe 29 enters the valvechest, and at each end of the chest, beyond the limit of travel of the pistons, an exhaust port communicates with a common escape pipe 30. The pipes 18 all enter the valvechest at points between the supply-pipe 29 and the cylinder 20, while the pipes 19 enter said chest on the other side of said supply pipe. sufficient to connect the supply-pipe with all of one or the other set of pipes when the piston 22 is the corresponding end of its travei.

The operation. ofthe apparatus asfoh The space between the heads 27 28 is.

lows: In the drawings the valves 7 are all closed, the piston 22 being at thatend of its cylinder where the steam-pipe 21 enters, and

the water-supply pipe being therefore in communication with all of the pipes 18, which convey water to the upper ends of the cylinders 16. Now if the steam-pressure in the higher stage increases to such a point as to injuriously alter the'ratio between itself and that in the next stage the piston 22 moves over until the pressure behind it is balanced. by the spring. The accompanying movement of the rod 23 and its two heads 27 28 opens one or more of the pipes 18 to the eX- haust and one or more oi the pipes 19 to the Water-supply. The pipes 19 thus connected with the water-pressiu'e are those which run to the lower ends of the cylinders 16, whose respective pipes 18 have been connected with the exhaust. The water-pressure in those {pipes 19 thus supplied enters the correspondmg cylinders under the pistons 15 and forces them upward, thereby opening the corre,-' sponding valves 7, which permits an exhaust of steam from the higher to the lower stage, andthusefi'ect a restoration of the normal ratio of pressure in the two stages. The pis ton 22 shifts to and fro as the pressure in the higher stage varies, opening and closing the valves 7, and thus serving to maintain automatically the normal ratio of pressures and temperatures in the several stages.

It is evident that -the mechanism shown and described is also capable of use to regulate the admission of elasticfluid to the sta e of a turbine, in which case the opening and closing of the valves 7 would depend upon variations oi.v pressure in thesteam-main or the valve-chest. By another obvious modification the controllen-valve can be moved by a device responsive to changes in speed .or' load instead of pressure, so that themachine will maintain a constant speed or output, as

the case ma be.

In accor ance with the provisions of the. patent statutes 1 have described the principle of operation of my invention, together with the apparatus. which I now consider to re resent the best embodiment thereof; but I desire to have it understood thatthe apparatus shown is only illustrative and that the invention can be carried out by other means.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

1. The .combination with a steam-turbine;

having two steam-containing chambers, of

ports connecting said chambers, a valve controlling each port, a fluid-pressure motive device for operating each valve, a controller regulating the supp y of fluid-pressure to and from. said motive devices, and automatic means responding to changes in steam-pressure for operating said controller.

2. The combination with a steam-turbine, having two steam-containing chambers, of

-inder, and a valve connected with' said ports connecting said chambers, a valve con trolling each port, an abutment movable by fluid-pressure for operating each valve, pipes for conveying fluid-pressure to both sides of said abutment, a valve for controlling the admission and exhaust of fiuid-pressure to and from said pipes in regular order, and a device responsive to changes in steam-pressure for actuating said controlling-valve.

3. The combination with a steam-turbine having two steam-containing chambers, of ports connecting said chambers, a valve controlling each port, a fluid-pressure device for operating each valve, a cylinder communicating with the chamber having the higher steam-pressure, a piston movable in said cylpiston and controlling the supply of fluid to the valve-operating devices.

4. The combination with a steam-turbine having two or more stages, of separate valves controlling the flow of steam from one stage to the next, and a device responsive to variations in pressure in the higher stage and coz1- trolling said valves by means independent of the motive fluid.

5. The combination with a steam-turbine having two or more stages, of ports between said stages, a separate valve controlling each port, and a valveoperating device responsive to changes in steam-pressure in a higher stage and controlling said valves by means independent of the motivejliuid.

6. The combination with a steam-turbine having two or more stages, of ports between said stages, separate valves controlling said ports, a cylinder connected with the higher stage, a piston movable in said cylinder, a controlling-valve, and operative connections between said piston and said controlling valve.

y 7. The combination with, a steam-turbine having two or more stages, of ports between said stages, valves controlling said ports, a movable abutment connected with each valve, pipes for conveying fluid-pressure to both sides of each abutment, and a fluid-.

in steam-pressure in the higher stage.

8. The combination with a steam-turbine having two or more stages, of valves controlling the passage of steam from one stage to another, a movable abutment connected with each valve, pipes for conveying fluid-pressure to both sides of eachabutment, a valve. chest from which said pipes run, a valve in said chest controlling said pi es, and a movable abutment connected wit said valve and exposed on one side to the steam-pressure the higher stage. i

9. In a governing mechanism for elasticfiuid turbines, the combination of a plurality of regulatin -valves which have an open and a closed position but no intermediate, a h draulic motor for actuating each of. t e

valves, a-controlling-valve common to the regulating-valves, and a means responsive to changes. in stage-pressure for adjusting the controlling-valve.

10. In a governing mechanism for elasticfluid turbines, the combination of a plurality of regulating-valves which have an open and a closed position but no intermediate, a hv-' draulic motor for actuating each of the valves, a controlling-valve, a plurality of passa es leading from the motors to the casmg 0 the controlling-valve, and an abutment responsive to changes in stage-pressure for moving the controlling-valve to and fro to'cover and uncover the said passages.

11. In a governing mechanism for elasticfluid turbines, the combination ofa source of steam-supply, a source of hydraulic pressure, valves re latin the passage of steam through t e tur ine, motors actuated by fluid from the source of hydraulic pressure,

a anda steam-actuated motor for controlling the action of the hydraulic motors.

12. in a governing mechanism for elasticflu'id turbines, the combination of a source of steam-supply, a source of hydraulic pressure,

valves regulating the passage of steam \hrouigh tie turbine, motors actuated by fluid rom the source of hydraulic ressure, a

valve which is common to the hy raulic motors, and a motor for admitting fluid to the hydraulic motors successively and cutting it off in like manner in response to changes in stageressure. 1 ll'll 18. a governing mechanism, the combi nation of a valve controllin the passage of fluid through the turbine, a ydraulic motor for actuating the valve, a controlling-valve for the motor, ,a'device for actuatingthis valve that responds to changes in pressure of the fluid passing through the turbine, and a yielding abutment that opposes the said device and returns the valve to its initialposition.

1 In a governing mechanism, the combi nation of a plurality of valves for controlling the passage of motive fluid through the turbine, a hydraulic motor for actuatin each of from the a the valves, conduits leading to and motors, a regulating-valve which controls the conduits leading to and from the motors, and a motonactuated bv the same motive fluid which passes through the turbine for controlling the passage offluid to the hydraulic mo tors.

15. In combination, a multistage-turbine, a plurality of stage-valves for controlling the passage of steam from one stage to another, ydraulic motors which are supported by the turbine-casing and located outside of the steam-space, a 1 regulating-valve, conduits from the motors leading to and from the regulating valve, and a ,motor actuated by steam-pressure for causing the valve to open and close the stage-valves in accord ance with changes in steam-pressure.

167 In a governing mechanism for tur- .bines, the combination of a plurality of regulating-valves, a hydraulic motor for each valve, a controlling-valve that causes the motors to successively open and close the regulating-valves, and a motor actuated by the fluid supplied to the turbine for moving the controlling-valve.

In Witness whereof I havehereun to set my hand this 7th day of September, 1904.

WILLIAM L. R. EMMET.

Witnesses:

ALEX. F. MACDONALD, HELEN Onronn. 

